The structure of an MP3 file is divided into frames which (based on various settings like bitrate, sample rate, etc) are a certain number of bytes in size. The number of bytes is calculated by:
CODE
FrameLengthInBytes = ((Coefficient * BitRate) / SampleRate) + Padding
so for example, the infamous 128kbps 44kHz MP3 calculates as:
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417.959 = ((144 * 128000) / 44100)
Because we're talking about a number of bytes in a file, it can only be 417 or 418, so the way it works is that most frames are 418 bytes long, and about 5% of them are 417 bytes long, to give the overall average bitrate of exactly 128kbps. I'm not aware of any use of padding in a VBR file (I'm sure someone will explain if it is used).
So in terms of what padding means for your file - nothing really.
As for the Xing header, it's a header mostly used on VBR MP3 files that gives information like the average bitrate and length of the file. LAME extends this header and stores even more information in it, so you may also see it referred to as a LAME header. Fraunhofer VBR MP3s have a similar (but incompatible) header storing mostly the same information. VBR files without a header are much harder to work with so having them is a good thing (but they have no impact on audio quality).