QUOTE(unfortunateson @ Jan 23 2005, 11:57 PM)
Are RAID Arrays faster than SATAs?
N/A.
RAID: Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
RAID 0 (named such partly for not being redundant) stripes drives together. So half of a file is on one drive, half on the other. Read and write speeds, even in software RAID, are near doubled. However, it offers almost no tangible benefit to normal use, as seek times become that of the slower drive. Let's say drive A and B are identical, with average seek times of 10ms. If drive A takes 8ms for a part of a file, but drive B takes 12ms...that's 12ms for the whole thing.
RAID 1 mirrors drives. So if you have identical drive A and B, you get one drive's capacity, but if the drive fails, you've got everything on that drive in perfect condition, just waiting for a replacement drive to be put in place (at which point, it will be made a mirror again).
RAID 5 spreads information out, with a small piece of the data on each drive, requiring three drives. Unlike others, this RAID level takes a lot of calculation power (believe me, you want hardware RAID for this). The benefit is that you get all but one drive's worth of storage (so 4 160GB drives gives you 480GB space), with one drive of fault tolerance. RAID 5 can have astounding read speeds (outdoing RAID 0 on some controllers), but will always have slow write speeds, simply due to having more transactions with each drive for every write.
RAID 10 and 0+1 stripe and mirror drives, requiring four drives. Half are striped, half are mirrors of the stripe. You get half the space (RAID 1 is 1 drive...if you had 6 in RAID 1, you still only have 1 drive's capacity--and most controllers won't do more than a two-drive RAID 1 anyway), but both the redundancy benefits of RAID 1, and the speed benefits of RAID 0. Databases really like RAID 10. nVidia and Intel now have a special 2-drive RAID 10 in their new chipsets (nVidia RAID and Matrix RAID), which, IIRC, puts RAID 0's part A and B on a single drive, so while reading and writing normally, you get the striping, but a single drive can also be used to rebuild, should the other fail. It mainly exists because two SATA devices is the current norm.
There are RAID levels 2,3,4,6, and 12 also, but they are very uncommon.
PATA (P retrofitted to ATA for parallel), SATA, and SCSI are just physical and software protocols for talking to the drives and controllers--RAID is a method of setting drives up to improve speed/or and redundancy. As the son of a sysadmin, I must also add the disclaimer: RAID 0 is bad for data.